Table 1 |
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Summary of potential targets of antidepressant drugs in relate to AD pathology |
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Antidepressants |
Neurogenesis |
Aβ |
Learning & memory |
NMDA Receptors |
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Fluoxetine (SSRI) |
Increase synaptic density in hippocampus[75] |
Does not interact with Aβ fibrils [159]. |
Protects hippocampal LTP [100]. Performance improvement in Morris water maze after chronic treatment [102]. |
Inhibit NMDA receptor directly [127]. |
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Amitriptyline (NSRI) |
Does not increase synapse number but reduce decline in synaptic density [76]. |
Blocks age --induced deterioration of learning and memory [105]. |
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Tiapentine (atypical) |
Prevents the reduction of dendrites length as a result of chronic stress [77]. |
Protects hippocampal LTP [99,100]. No effects on animal performance in Morris water maze[102] but improve animal performance is radial maze discrimination task [104]. |
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TCA |
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Venlafaxine (SNRI) |
Performance improvement in Morris water maze after chronic treatment [101,103]. |
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Imipramine (NSRI) |
Increase secreted APP, reduces intracellular APP in culture [165]. |
No effect on animal performance in Morris water maze [101] and even worsen spatial working memory in radial arm maze test [106]. |
Changes in binding to NMDAR [118,120]and expression of NMDAR in brain [116] |
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Citalopram (SSRI) |
Increase the levels of secreted APP in the medium of the treated neurons [165]. |
Adaptation of NMDAR complex [117]. Changes in expression of NMDAR [116]. |
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Clomipramine (NSRI) |
Chronic administration changes the regulation of NMDA receptor control on the release of dopamine [119]. |
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Milnacipran (NSRI) |
Antagonize NMDA receptor uncompetitively [126]. |
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Paroxetine (SSRI) |
Reduces levels of Aβ and tau in Tg mice and cells [157,161-164] |
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Aboukhatwa et al. Molecular Neurodegeneration 2010 5:10 doi:10.1186/1750-1326-5-10 |
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